|
Birth to Five Years |
|
Age |
Gross Motor |
Fine Motor |
Speech/Language/Swallowing |
Cognition |
|
S
|
|
Momentary head elevation when on tummy
Holds rattle placed in hand
Turns head side to side |
Reciprocal and
symmetrical kicking
|
Hands primarily
closed especially with touch
|
|
Draws attention when upset
Cries become different for pain and hunger
Coordinates suckling, swallowing, and breathing |
Opens and closes
mouth in response to food
|
|
Reacts to sound, light, and motion
Turns head to hear familiar voice |
Highly attuned
to faces
|
|
S
|
|
Holds head up to look at toys
|
Holds self on
arms when on tummy
|
|
Hands open often
Brings hands to mouth
|
Holds toys
purposefully
|
|
Enjoys social play
Makes comfort sounds
Begins smiling |
Coos open mouth
vowels (aah) and closed vowels (ee)
|
|
Squeals and laughs when pleased
|
Awareness of new
situations
|
|
S
|
|
Head no longer drops when pulled to sit
Sits with support
Stands holding weight when supported
Rolls from tummy to back |
Rolls from back
to side
|
|
Looks at toys while holding them
Reaches for, holds and lifts toys with both arms
Hands are in midline |
Holds and shakes
rattle
|
|
Repeats enjoyable activities
Uses tongue to move food in mouth
Responds to sound stimulation or speech by making noises
Begins babbling (reduplicated) |
(baba, dada)
|
|
Reaches for familiar persons
Watches bottle prep with excitement
Reacts to sight of toy |
Mouths, bangs,
and shakes toys
|
|
S
|
|
Rolls from back to tummy
Sits without support
Bounces when held standing |
Rocks and pushes
up on hands and knees
|
|
Holds bottle
Holds cookie
Moves toys from hand to hand |
|
|
Voices attitudes other than crying-joy, anger, etc.
Cooperates in games
Reacts to music by cooing
Looks and vocalizes to own name
Babbles to people
Drinks from a cup and straw |
Swallows pureed
foods
|
|
Stares at strangers
Looks back and forth between two objects
Holds arms out to be picked up
Smiles and vocalizes to mirror image |
Cries if toy
removed
|
|
S
|
|
Pulls to stand
Crawls
Moves from sitting to tummy & tummy to sitting
|
Cruises sideways
|
|
Picks up small toys
Bangs toys together
|
Uses both hands
during play
|
|
Lets only parent meet needs
Says “dada” and “mama”
Shouts for attention and adds excitement to vocalizations
Chews food with coordinated movements |
Babbles a
variety of sounds: b,m,p,d,t,n,g,k,w,h,f,v,th,s,z,l,r
|
|
Uncovers toys
New forms of awareness emerge-plays peek-a-boo and other
hiding games
|
Begins to
understand cause and effect
|
|
S
|
|
Sits from standing
Stands alone with one hand held
Cruises around furniture |
Can stand alone
|
|
Holds crayon
Pushes car
Drops toys on purpose |
Uses more than
one object in play (hits cup with spoon)
|
|
Babbles using syllables like “badaga” with different sounds
Babbles in response to human voice |
Understands some
words by demonstrating appropriate behavior
|
|
Starts to link meaning to gestures
|
Shakes head “no”
|
|
S
|
|
Crawls rapidly on hands and knees
Walks unassisted
Up on knees without help |
Throws ball
|
|
Scribbles
Uses index finger to point
Builds 2 block tower |
Holds cup
without handles
|
|
Babbles to him/herself when left alone
Responds well to introduction of new tasks |
Appetite may
decrease
|
Displays temper
tantrums
|
|
S
|
|
Beginning to jump
Climbs into adult chair
Begins to run
Walks backwards
Squats during play |
Throws small
balls
|
|
Takes off socks
Unzips zippers
Uses a spoon by self
Sorts a few shapes |
Begins writing
and making marks
|
|
Says “oh no” or “uh oh”
Vocabulary increases (50-250) words |
Begins to put 2
words together
|
|
Recognizes name
Understands what objects do
Knows when book is upside down |
Starts pretend
play
|
|
S
|
|
Bounces ball
Kicks big ball
Runs well
Stands on tip toes
Stands on one foot |
Jumps forward
|
|
Turns doorknobs
Strings beads
Unwraps small objects
Takes off shoes |
Holds pencil
properly instead of in fist
|
|
Vocabulary improves quickly (250-500 words)
Understands categories |
Imitates 4 word
sentences
|
|
Sings parts of songs
Simple problem solving |
Puts objects
together with several parts
|
|
S
|
|
Rides a tricycle
Jumps with feet together
Catches a large ball with arms/hands |
Kicks a large
rolled ball
|
|
Cuts with scissors
Colors with crayon
Unbuttons large button
Builds 9 block tower |
Imitates drawing
a cross and circle
|
|
Understands similar and different
Remembers and tells stories
Asks many “why” questions
Answers questions |
Repeats 5 word
sentences
|
|
Sorts toys by size and color
Begins to understand safety awareness
Gives full name
Higher level problem solving
|
Imaginative play
|
|
S
|
|
Stands on one foot for up to 8 seconds
Skips
Hops on 1 foot
Walks on balance beam |
Throws overhand
|
|
Buttons large buttons
Touches finger to nose with eyes closed
Traces and copies
Brushes teeth
Washes and dries face |
Cuts out shapes
|
|
Answers a variety of “wh” questions
Understood at least 80% of the time
Vocabulary of several thousand words |
Gives age and
birthday
|
|
Understands most rules
Abstract thinking emerges
Understands past and present |
Gives address
|
|
S
|
|
Stands still on toes
Hops on 1 foot 10 times
Catches small ball bounced by self |
Jumps forward
18-24”
|
|
Copies triangles
Cuts on a straight line
Draws a 6-8 part man
Buttons small buttons |
Tries to
color in lines
|
|
Speaks fluently except for confusions with /s,f,th/
|
Asks meaning
of abstract words
|
|
Can compare objects
Counts
Knows morning from afternoon |
Learns left
from right
|
